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Characteristic
|
n
|
Non-obese individuals
|
n
|
Obese individuals
|
P value*
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
194
|
51.0 ± 12.8
|
353
|
48.4 ± 10.4
|
0.017
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
194
|
21.9 ± 2.1
|
353
|
29.4 ± 4.1
|
< 0.001
|
|
WC (cm)
|
194
|
79.7 ± 8.1
|
352
|
93.0 ± 9.9
|
< 0.001
|
|
Hip (cm)
|
194
|
89.1 ± 6.1
|
352
|
102.4 ± 9.4
|
< 0.001
|
|
WHR
|
194
|
0.90 ± 0.08
|
352
|
0.91 ± 0.08
|
0.061
|
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)
|
184
|
119.5 ± 60.3
|
335
|
114.7 ± 41.6
|
0.336
|
|
Fasting serum insulin (μIU/ml)
|
194
|
8.75 ± 6.36
|
353
|
9.57 ± 5.92
|
0.132
|
|
Glycated hemoglobin (%)
|
194
|
6.5 ± 1.9
|
353
|
6.5 ± 1.6
|
0.916
|
|
Vitamin B12 levels (pg/mL)
|
194
|
414.0 ± 219.0
|
353
|
420.0 ± 273.0
|
0.820
|
|
Homocysteine
|
194
|
14.1 ± 8.2
|
353
|
13.4 ± 8.0
|
0.343
|
|
(μmol/L)
|
|
Folic acid
|
194
|
8.9 ± 5.6
|
353
|
8.5 ± 5.9
|
0.451
|
|
(ng/ml)
|
|
Total energy intake (kcal)
|
129
|
2547.0 ± 784.0
|
234
|
2624.0 ± 768.0
|
0.363
|
|
Protein energy %
|
129
|
11.3 ± 1.2
|
234
|
11.3 ± 1.1
|
0.947
|
|
Carbohydrate energy %
|
129
|
63.3 ± 6.7
|
234
|
64.9 ± 6.0
|
0.020
|
|
Fat energy %
|
129
|
24.2 ± 4.6
|
234
|
23.6 ± 4.8
|
0.293
|
|
Total fiber (g)
|
129
|
31.6 ± 10.2
|
234
|
32.5 ± 11.9
|
0.513
|
|
Physical activity level
|
123
|
Low (81.3%)
|
204
|
Low (82.4%)
|
0.929a
|
|
Medium (17.1%)
|
Medium (15.7%)
|
|
High (1.6%)
|
High (2.0%)
|
- Data shown are represented as means ± SD
- P values were calculated by using the Independent t test
- *P values for the differences in the means/proportions between non-obese and obese individuals
- aP values were calculated by using the chi-squared test
- Abbreviations: CURES Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study; BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; WHR waist to hip ratio
