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Table 7 Association between foods rich in folate with p53 methylation status and the risk of EPL and ESCC

From: Moderately high folate level may offset the effects of aberrant DNA methylation of P16 and P53 genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions

Food intake frequency EPL [OR (95% CI)a, p for interaction] ESCC [OR (95% CI)a, p for interaction]
p53U p value p53M p value p53U p value p53M p value
Spinach
 Never 1.00 (reference) - 0.39 (0.07–2.13) 0.277 1.00 (reference) - 1.54 (0.44–5.32) 0.499
 Less than once per week 1.04 (0.36–3.08) 0.937 1.01 (0.33–3.13) 0.980 0.28 (0.10–0.77) 0.014 0.51 (0.19–1.42) 0.199
 Once per week or more 0.71 (0.24–2.04) 0.520 0.85 (0.28–2.52) 0.765 0.27 (0.11–0.71) 0.008 0.61 (0.23–1.59) 0.311
Chinese cabbage
 Never 1.00 (reference) - 1.16 (0.73–1.83) 0.527 1.00 (reference) - 2.19 (1.36–3.51) 0.001
 Less than once per week 0.71 (0.23–2.20) 0.544 0.83 (0.20–3.42) 0.796 2.26 (0.84–6.07) 0.106 3.95 (1.22–12.84) 0.022
 Once per week or more 0.23 (0.11–0.49) < 0.001 0.29 (0.11–0.78) 0.014 0.40 (0.19–0.85) 0.017 1.01 (0.46–2.23) 0.985
Livers
 Never 1.00 (reference) - 1.19 (0.78–1.83) 0.426 1.00 (reference) - 2.10 (1.36–3.24) 0.001
 Less than once per week 0.31 (0.13–0.73) 0.007 0.63 (0.10–3.84) 0.614 0.71 (0.34–1.49) 0.369 4.38 (1.16–16.50) 0.029
 Once per week or more 0.94 (0.26–3.35) 0.925 0.24 (0.03–2.14) 0.199 0.26 (0.03–2.30) 0.227 0.33 (0.04–3.00) 0.324
Beans
 Never 1.00 (reference) - 0.63 (0.31–1.27) 0.193 1.00 (reference) - 1.44 (0.72–2.89) 0.301
 Less than once per week 1.06 (0.54–2.10) 0.862 1.74 (0.69–4.34) 0.239 0.88 (0.41–1.89) 0.747 2.51(0.98–6.42) 0.056
 Once per week or more 0.51 (0.26–0.99) 0.048 0.94 (0.44–2.03) 0.873 0.67 (0.33–1.35) 0.263 2.26(1.06–4.82) 0.462
  1. U unmethylated, M methylated
  2. aAdjusted for gender, age, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking
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